RESUMO
Background: US FDA defines: dietary supplements is a product that intended to supplement a person's diet, it's generally consist of at least one or more of the following dietary ingredients, vitamin, minerals, a herb or other botanical and amino acid by increasing the daily consumptions of an extract metabolite concentration, constitute or combinations of these medication. Excessive and inappropriate use of medicines has been recognised as a public health problem resulting in increased likelihood of adverse drug event, drug interaction, and inappropriate drug prescribing and increased cost. Material and Methods: This was the cross-sectional study conducted in year 2022 at Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune). The total 250 questionaires are distributed and from that 226 response were received. Target population consist of community pharmacists working in the drug store in this area (n=226). Results: Data was represented in three domains of study i. e. awareness, knowledge and attitude. Correlation coefficient using Pearson's method were determined to evaluate strength of correlation between awareness-knowledge, Knowledge-attitude and awareness-attitude. Correlation coefficient were calculated by comparing most relevant and equal number of questions. Conclusion: The study demonstrated positive attitude among surveyed community pharmacists in Pune, India. There is lacuna in accurate and adequate awareness, knowledge and attitude of vitamin deficiency, efficiency, recommended daily allowance (RDA), toxicity and interactions among pharmacist as one of the stakeholders of healthcare in India. Few of the remedies viz. framing of guidelines, inclusion in formal education syllabus, continuous education, updation exams etc. may be of use.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers of donepezil hydrochloride (DNZ HCl) for effective management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIGNIFICANCE: Intranasal administration of DNZ NLC containing Nigella sativa (NS) oil as a liquid lipid may significantly improve nasal penetration and deliver the drug directly to the brain avoiding blood brain barrier (BBB). METHOD: High pressure homogenization was used to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), followed by ultrasonication. Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), Tween 80, and Poloxamer 407 were used as solid lipid, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively, whereas, Nigella sativa oil was used as a liquid lipid. RESULT: The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were found to be 107.4 ± 2.64 nm, 0.25 ± 0.04 and -41.7 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug content were found to be 70.20% and 89.05% respectively. After intranasal administration of Donepezil hydrochloride (DNZ HCl) loaded NLC's, the maximum concentrations (Cmax) of 4.597 µg/mL in brain and 2.2583 µg/mL in blood was achieved after 1 h (Tmax). CONCLUSION: The formulated DNZ HCl loaded NLCs significantly improved nasal penetration and enhanced drug distribution in brain resulting in a potentially effective intranasal drug delivery system for the effective management of Alzheimer's disease.
